Saturday, August 31, 2019

How To Handle Information Essay

The learner can: 1. Understand requirements for handling information in social care settings 1.1 Identify legislation and codes of practice that relate to handling information in social care settings 1.2 Explain how legal requirements and codes of practice inform practice in handling information 2. Understand good practice in handling information in social care settings 2.1Explain how to maintain records that are up to date, complete, accurate and legible 2.2Describe practices that ensure security when storing and accessing information 2.3Describe features of manual and electronic information storage systems that help ensure security 3. Understand how to support others to handle information  3.1 Explain how to support others to understand the need for secure handling of information 3.2 Explain how to support others to understand and contribute to records Additional information about the unit Unit purpose and aim(s) This unit develops the knowledge and understanding needed to implement and promote good practice in recording, sharing, storing and accessing information in social care settings. This unit is aimed at those who are interested in, or new to working in social care settings. Unit expiry date Details of the relationship between the unit and relevant national occupational standards or other professional standards or curricula (if appropriate) HSC 31 Guidance for developing assessment arrangements for the unit (if appropriate) Others may include: Colleagues External third party such as IT specialist Social worker Occupational Therapist GP Speech and Language Therapist Physiotherapist Pharmacist Nurse Specialist nurse Psychologist Psychiatrist Independent Mental Capacity Advocate Advocate Dementia care advisor Assessment requirements or guidance specified by a sector or regulatory body (if appropriate) This unit needs to be assessed in line with the Skills for Care and Development QCF Assessment Principles. Support for the unit from a SSC or other appropriate body (if required) Skills for Care and Development Location of the unit within the subject/sector classification system 01.3 Health and Social Care Name of the organisation submitting the unit Availability for use Shared Unit available from Unit guided learning hours

Friday, August 30, 2019

Good and Traditional Business

BUS 200 Week 7 Assignment Strayer University How eBay Stays Connected to Its Community 1. What macro-barriers and micro-barriers might hinder successful communication between Meg Whitman and eBay users? What do you suggest she do to address these potential barriers? A macro-barrier that might hinder communication could be the constant need to learn new concepts which cut down on the time available. A way to address this barrier would be to train your personnel at different times leaving the opportunity for those that are attending training to have their positions filled for the time gone. A micro-barrier that might hinder communication could be perception. Each person might have a different interpretation of a message this could put a barrier between the customer and the service needed. A way to address this barrier would be to by running scenarios for the employees on the most frequently asked questions and seeing which answers that they come up with. 2. Do you think the channels of communication in an online business such as eBay differ from those in a traditional business? Explain. No, I feel that with the online business you would get more communication with the customers than with a traditional business. I feel this way because if a traditional business’ customer has a problem with something, then they would have to go through the proper channels to get something done about what the certain issue is that they want to have corrected. If the online business customer has a problem, all they have to do is go the comment section, or the contact us button on the website and they would easily put down what their problem is. I feel that it is easier for online customers to get the problems solved in a more reasonable time than with traditional businesses. . How would you recommend that new managers at eBay establish rapport with buyers and sellers? I feel that eBay managers could establish rapport with buyers and sellers by continuing to get their input on things that they would like to change. Get the opinions of the buyers and sellers and see what they feel would be good or bad for the company. If you have a consensus of the majority, it would make their jobs as managers easier to m ake the necessary decisions that are necessary to make the company better as a whole.

Thursday, August 29, 2019

A world without Law would be a world without Sin Essay Example for Free

A world without Law would be a world without Sin Essay ? According to one of the Holy Books, the Bible, when God created the first man and woman, He knew as the author and finisher of man that he has mind, a conscience which is 2-sided. It could be destructive or constructive, it could embrace good or shun evil, it could love or hate based on the outline that he knows what is wrong and or right. That was the basic reason why God warned them or gave a strict Law against the act that lead to the very first sin, which is the eating of the fruit of knowledge. Hence, if there wasn’t any Law, the first and subsequent sins wouldn’t have existed. A car, an example of mechanical robot, will have no idea why it was created, which is a reason why a manual will be attached to it by the manufacturer for the use of the possible user[s]. We are all created for a purpose but the significant difference between Man and Machine is the choice and will power. These two tools can be shaped with Law[s] to guide man from being a weapon of personal and group calamity. And when there is no Law[s], then man can do whatever and anything he likes to suit his personal desire at the expense of others which would mean â€Å"No-Sin†. †¦At his best, man is the noblest of all animals; separated from law and justice he is the worst. —- Aristotle It can be said man would be reckless, irresponsible, wild, thoughtless, uncontrolled or careless in a world without law. He would be pitiless when the taste for pleasure clouds his sense of reasoning. The mentality that anything he does is not wrong; just-do-it lingers in the mind of man in a world without Laws because there will not be any form of punishment. It would be a world of no hope for the poor. Government which is supposed to organize the society would not be in existence; there would not be anything like the Legislature to make laws, Executive to administer the laws and Judiciary to interpret the laws. Since the germane objective of Law is to maintain order in a society, the government agencies to carry out crime investigations and the professionals called Lawyers would have no space in a world without laws. Therefore, there will be a paradigm shift where jungle justice takes over the expected capacity of law. Discoveries and inventions will set the world in a state of entropy. Classified experiments such as cloning, stem cell growth and Nuclear weapons would know no limit. The world would be overpopulated for their will not be birth control regulations; strange diseases would be epidemic and pandemic. I can conveniently conclude that the world will fall apart without the law [which is tantamount to a world without sin]. A world without Law would be a world without Sin. (2018, Oct 26).

Wednesday, August 28, 2019

Database Design and Implementation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Database Design and Implementation - Assignment Example Frequently, there are many patrons who borrow copies of books. Each time when a patron borrow a copy of a book, the system automatically generates a transaction identification associated with the borrowing date and due date of the book loan. Each patron has a patron number, patron's name, patron's contact information such as postal address, phone number, and email address. Library system is a simple solution. However, when a library has several branches and all need to share same system, it adds another dimension and hence makes the problem bit more complex. Library is a place where several books are present where patrons can issue them. A table each for storing branch, patron, and book details are needed. An additional table is needed to store list of book authors as there can be multiple authors of a book. As defined in problem several copies of book can be present in one or different branches of library. This adds need of another table which can store details of copies of a book. Apart from these two additional tables are needed to store patron book issue history and second to keep track of which branch contains which copies of book. In all seven different tables are needed to store information per mentioned problem. ER Diagram section shows various tables and relationships between them. Library - There are several branches in a library system, and... The branch number is a unique identifier for each branch. Book - Each book has a book number, title, the number of pages of the books, the name of the publisher, the year of publishing, and list of authors of the book. Patron - A patron borrow a copy of a book. Each patron has a patron number, patron's name, patron's contact information such as postal address, phone number, and email address. Copy - Each library branch owns a large volume of copies of various books, and each copy of a book has a copy number and associated cost. CSDL Schema : LIBRARY Entity: BRANCH Attributes: BRANCHNUMBER: NUMBER(10,0) NAME: VARCHAR2(50) LOCATION: VARCHAR2(50) PHONENUMBER: NUMBER(10,0) Identifiers: BRANCHNUMBER Entity: BOOK Attributes: BOOKNUMBER: NUMBER(10,0) TITLE: VARCHAR2(100) PAGECOUNT: NUMBER(10,0) PUBLISHERNAME: VARCHAR2(50) YEAR: NUMBER(4,0) (1, N) AUTHORNAME: VARCHAR2(50) Identifiers: BOOKNUMBER Entity: COPY Attributes: COPYNUMBER: NUMBER(10,0) COST: NUMBER(10,2) Identifiers: COPYNUMBER Entity: PATRON Attributes: PATRONID: NUMBER(10,0) NAME: VARCHAR2(50) ADDRESS: VARCHAR2(100) PHONE: NUMBER(10,0) EMAIL: VARCHAR2(30) Identifiers: PATRONID Entity: TRANSACTION Attributes: TRANSACTIONID: NUMBER(10,0) BORROWDATE: DATE DUEDATE: DATE Identifiers: TRANSACTIONID Relationship: OWNS Connected Entities: (1,n) BRANCH (1,n) COPY ER Diagram DB Creation Scripts CREATE TABLE BRANCH ( BRANCHNUMBER NUMBER(10,0) NOT NULL, NAME VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL,

Tuesday, August 27, 2019

Team Meeting Regarding Delivery Problems Assignment

Team Meeting Regarding Delivery Problems - Assignment Example Customs officials have identified that key information is missing from some paperwork coming from the business such as dates, signatures, or even the correct labels which identify contents on packaging. These are human errors and, if discovered to be the problem, should be easily corrected with the team’s ability to conduct internal process analyses. Team members are invited to bring with them, to the meeting, ideas on how to solve the paperwork problem with customs and also satisfy our clients. The new market in Canada will bring better sales revenues and provide more job opportunities for team members who can perform to policy expectations. Together, as a business unit, we can discover what process errors are causing delivery delays and improve the customs packaging and paperwork systems. I appreciate your dedication and your historical accomplishments in the project which have always led to business success. This new market is vital to the business and this issue requires a rapid response. Please attend the meeting with a few proposals on the

Monday, August 26, 2019

Analysis of the Picture Girl with Pearl Earring Created by Johannes Essay - 10

Analysis of the Picture Girl with Pearl Earring Created by Johannes Vermeer - Essay Example I’ve heard about the work of art earlier, but I have never thought about it as a great masterpiece. About a year ago, I read an article, about the most significant pictures of the world and found out that â€Å"Girl with a pearl earring† was one of them. I thought that it might be a really good picture, as the filmmakers even created a movie, which showed the audience the history of its creation. A few months later, my friend invited me to attend a local art gallery and I agreed. Going around the boring representations of nature and abstract figures, which meaning I could not understand, I ran against one reproduction, which attracted my attention and it was â€Å"Girl with a pearl earring†. I came closer to it in order to analyze it in greater details. A few minutes I stood calmly looking at the elements of the picture, trying to figure out of what everyone found so special about it. Dark ground, light face’s shades and the most important - sad, but a mys tique look of the girl, which hid some kind of a secret. I looked attentively on the main heroine of the picture. Who was she? Where was she from? Why did she look so sad? What is her history? On my way home, I noticed that I thought over these questions, trying to answer them. At home, I decided to search for this information on the internet. However, there was very little data about it. It is not known whether the author wrote it for himself or somebody else. According to one of the versions, the artist depicted his own daughter Mary. In any case, it is clear that this is an unusual portrait. The artist tried to capture the moment when a girl turns her head towards the viewer to someone whom she had just noticed. Much attention is focused on the girls’ pearl earring. The picture was painted by means of oil. The author used an unusual technique â€Å"tronie†, which was typical for the XVII century.

Sunday, August 25, 2019

Fast Food, Gender, and Happiness Research Proposal

Fast Food, Gender, and Happiness - Research Proposal Example Most of them are of U.S. origin. The fast-food nutrition system has originated due to the expansion of the nutrition industry and the globalization. These improvements have altered the nutrition habits, tastes and preferences of the individuals. Those people who have busy schedules are provided ready, semi-ready or sometimes frozen food by the nutrition industry (Ãâ€"zcelik, Akan and Sà ¼rà ¼cà ¼oglu, 2007, p. 43).   The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between fast food and gender and its association with happiness. The importance of this study is to find out the correlation between eating fast food, gender, weight and happiness. The main objective is to check how the fast food centers appeal to the mass and to explore the causal relationship between the consumption of junk food and gender as well as the impact of fast food on weight.    According to Schofield (1989), it has been observed that there are differentiations in the gender culture in context of food. The authors highlight the way the fast food intervenes in the real life experience of taking a meal. The values and principles are circulated in the mass media. When we are talking about females and food, then we may consider fast food to be the source of separating women form their identity as the homemaker and cook. Since most women are generally working in the subordinate positions in the workplaces and their ultimate duty of the homemaker has to remain intact (where they do the household work themselves or they hire a servant to do the same), therefore they very soon undergo an identity crisis. The growth of fast food centers has even alienated the women from their otherwise household activity of cooking. (Schofield, 1989, p. 138) The development of industrialization has seen women negotiating their new relation with food. Their outlook has changed with the change in the trend. The middle-class women focus much on the nutritional

The Circulation of Blood in the Human Body Essay

The Circulation of Blood in the Human Body - Essay Example Each side of the heart has its designated functions in the circulation of blood. The right side pumps blood that is deficient in oxygen and rich in carbon dioxide (deoxygenated blood). The blood is pumped to the lungs where oxygenation takes place. The process involves the loss of carbon dioxide to the air through the breathing process and absorption of oxygen (Storad, 2005). The oxygen is transported by the red cells in the blood, also called erythrocytes. The left side of the muscular organ pumps oxygenated blood flowing from the lungs to the other parts of the body. The technical role of the heart in the circulation of the blood is as illustrated in the video in figure 2. As can be noted from the video, the blood from the left side of the heart does not mix with that on the right side. If this happened, oxygenated blood would be deoxygenated by the high levels of carbon dioxide in the right side of the heart. The blood deficient in oxygen is circulated from the other parts of the body where respiration has taken place to the heart through the venacava (Rogers, 2011). The venacava is divided into two parts with the superior vein returning blood from the hands and the head to the heart while the inferior vein carries blood to the heart from the other parts of the body. The oxygen deficient blood flows into the right atrium because the pressure of the atrium is low based on the contraction action of the heart.

Saturday, August 24, 2019

Genetically Modified Organisms Research Proposal

Genetically Modified Organisms - Research Proposal Example However, the main argument against consumption of genetically modified organisms is that they might have dome harmful effects to their consumers. The data that will be used in this research will be collected using a number of data collection methods. The method that will be the most used is literature review. There are sufficient information from literature materials such as books, journals, blogs that can give more insight on the advantages and limitations of genetically modified organisms (Munhall and Chenail 167). There will also be a study on the statistics on the health difference of people who consume more genetically modified organism and those who consume more. Genetic engineering and health official will also be interviewed with the aim of getting their views on the advantages and limitations of genetically modified organisms (Denscombe 97). With the data that will be collected through the above mentioned methods, the researchers will carry out analysis through techniques such as filtering, retrieving value, computation, and sorting to come up with a clear conclusion on the total number of viable advantages and disadvantages that genetically modified organisms have (Ogden and Goldberg 175). With the result the researchers will be able to give a conclusion stating their thoughts on whether or not genetically modified organisms should be

Friday, August 23, 2019

VALS SURVEY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

VALS SURVEY - Essay Example After identifying the innovators and experiencers as the VALS for this particular product, a proper decision should be made on exactly how to appeal to them (Christensen, 2011). First, to appeal to the innovators, I would like to recommend that the marketer should ensure that the commodity is made to be innovative and attractive. As self-actualized consumers, the experiences can only be lured to purchase the iPad if they are convinced that it is fine and appeal to their eyes. This is the only way through which they can perceive it as a product worth spending their money on (Kerin, 2012). On the other hand, to appeal to the experiencers, the marketer should ensure that the iPad is made to represent a creative, fashionable and novel product that depicts a self-expression idea. If it possesses such features, these consumers will consider it as the preferred commodity to purchase (Kotler & Keller, 2009). Experiencers are young consumers who heavily spend on fashionable products like iPad that suit their insatiable tastes for

Thursday, August 22, 2019

The woman in white Essay Example for Free

The woman in white Essay Identity can be defined as the condition or character a person or thing. Behaviour can be manipulated to mask identity so that people appear to have characteristics and conditions which in reality they do not possess. In this essay, I will present a comparative analysis of two extracts in which the characters have modified their behaviour so that they portray a false identity of themselves. The two characters that I will compare are Sir Percival Glyde from The Woman in White, and Murial from The Lady in the Lake. The selected extract from The Woman in White is the scenario in which Sir PercivalGlyde is attempting to convince Marian and Mr Gilmore of his innocence. In this scene, Laura has received Anne Catherick’s letter warning her against marrying Sir Percival. Collins portrays Sir Percival as a well-mannered Baronet who wants to avoid misfortune and embarrassment on others; ‘may I beg that you will write at once†¦ ’. Sir Percival’s use of the auxiliary verb ‘may’ here makes him appear to be considerate and submissive. The verb choice of ‘beg’ makes him seem as though he is at the mercy of Marian. He depicts a gentlemanly manner, which to some extent successfully cloaks his true motives and identity. In this extract of The Woman In White, Mr Gilmore – the family esquire – is narrating.Thus providing an objective outlook of the events taking place. Mr Gilmore is emotionally and personally involved in the situation as he cares for Miss Fairlie as he has known her from childhood. Even so he the attempts to keep his professional opinion objective and irrelevates his own emotional opinion, observes and deduces a judgement from the facts presented in front of him as he narrates ‘my function was of the purely judicial kind. I was to weigh the explanation we had just heard†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ to which he comes to a fair and unbiased verdict ‘that his explanation was, to my mind, unquestionably a satisfactory one.’ However we still question the reliability of Sir Percival’s explanation due to the fact that even though Mr Gilmore has told us that objectively he has concluded that Sir Percival’s explanation is ‘unquestionably’ satisfactory he contradicts himself by stating that he could also ‘set up a case against Sir Percival Glyde’. This instantly sparks hesitation in the reader to trust Sir Percival Glyde even though accordingly we have no reason to. The reader chooses to take in to account Mr Gilmore’s biased view rather than his professional conclusion which in consequence results in suspicion – that Sir Percival’s personality, his perceived identity is, to some degree falsified. However even though we questions Sir Percival’s identity and his involvement with Anne Catherick, we nor Mr Gilmore or Marian question his motives on marrying Laura. In the second extract The lady in the lake is where we are introduced to Mrs. Fallbrook. In this extract, Marlow visits ChrisLavery’s house to investigate the circumstances surrounding Lavery’s previous encounter with Krystal this is not how you spell her name? Kingsley. Here he meetsMurial for the first time as Mrs Fallbrook, and when her identity is questions she instantly replies Why, certainly. I’m Mrs Fallbrook. Who did you think I was?’. The declarative statement followed by the interrogative challenges the detective to question her identity. Her use of the word ‘why’ before she has even introduced herself shows unnecessary protestation as though she feels she is being accused of being someone else, which in reality she is. ‘Why’ here also hints at confusion and misunderstanding while the adverb ‘certainly’ shows her certainty and confidence. Chandler confuses the reader at once with the personality of Mrs. Fallbrook. ‘Who do you think I was?’. The interrogative is used in a demanding manner, as though she is leaving Furthermore, the demanding tone of the interrogative leaves the reader leaves the reader questioning why she felt the need to ask it, and whether she is assuming someone else’s identity. leaves no room for doubt or opposition, and this in turn leaves us wondering who she really is. It also implies that she is eager to know who he thought she was and why. A question she would have otherwise not asked if she was not assuming someone else’s identity. The narrative perspective of the novel aids in masking Muriel’s true identity in this extract. Chandler has opted to use the first person narrative, which limits the point of view to that of the detective Marlow such as when he interrogates Mrs Fallbrook ‘But you didn’t shoot him, did you – on account of he owed you three months’ rent?’. He is completely oblivious to the fact that Mrs Fallbrook is not whom she claims to be and the persona of Mrs Fallbrook is a disguise to hide behind while concealing her own identity. This adds to the mystery of the novel as the reader is also as naà ¯ve tothe true identity of the woman in the apartment as Detective Marlow, leading to usquestioning her identity although we do question her motives for being in Lavery’shome where it should have been in reverse. The language used in the two texts differ, which reflect the time period that the extracts are written in and whom they were intened for. On one hand you have The Woman In White. In this the language is sophisticated. Many intended statements are enquiries. For example ‘can there be better testimony in his favour†¦ than that of the woman’s mother?’ Implying that such a high ranking man such as Sir Percival was being dishonest was at the time being rude was inconceivable and to avoid this statements are asked as questions to hide that fact that it is exactly what the person is thinking, whereas questioning suggests innocent naivety, as people of such rank were always polite and would not speak out of term. Also it is more descriptive. This is because in the Victorian era, reading was one of the few ways people could spend their leisure time, especially the rich as they did not have the same technologicaladvancments as in The lady In The Lake. The Woman In White was written in 1859, this was before technology had advanced and apart from playing games such as chess and draughts the older and more sophisticated generation has nothing else to do but read. It also suited the upper class rich to be the ideal audience for The Woman In White as they were amongst the few people in society who were educated and could read. So the language used is tailored around the intended audience and has Collin considered the length and amount of description in the novel. On the other hand we the lady in the lake where almost none of the characters speak in a well-mannered tone. Marlow for instance is very blunt and to the point majority of the time and shows no interest in showing respect for anyone as it is not relevant to his job, and is sadistically sarcastic. For example when talking to Mrs Fallbrook he does not pretend nor hide the fact that he thinks she’s lying ‘let’s not kid around anymore†¦ not that I don’t love it†¦ you didn’t shoot him, did you†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ here the interrogative ‘you didn’t shoot him, did you†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ is implied more as a declarative that he is awaiting confirmation for and so is instantly accusing her of murder. Also he seems to be patronising her ‘let’s not kid around anymore†¦ not that I don’t love it†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ which can be considered as rude. The Lady In The Lake is considerably more fast paced and seems to lack the large quantities of description in comparison to The Woman In White. Where The Woman In White has many paragraphs dedicated to description, where The Lady In The Lake make up for in dialogue, to a point where the ever little e description of the setting is given it is given thought dialogue, for example were Mrs Fallbrook describes the rung and the grey chenille carpeting on the stairs. Because of the lack of description and the much use of dialogue the story is much faster paced. Chandler is very concise and has to be as much as possible as the novel, written in 1943 it has to compete with other means of leisure such a movies which as a much more popular choice amongst the general public to whom the novel is also targeted at. In conclusion in both extracts perceiving someone is who they claim to be is mistake for which they pay dearly later on in the novels. In the woman in white true identityassumed because of honour and rank and in the lady in the lake it is because of naivety to the full situation not having reasons to suspect otherwise. View as multi-pages

Wednesday, August 21, 2019

Changing Customer Needs And Aspirations

Changing Customer Needs And Aspirations In todays global marketplace, managers face many challenges to meet changing customer needs and aspirations. It has become the concept of customer service in recent times is more complicated because of globalization of goods and services. Customers become familiar with decision-makers because of the abundance of information on the Internet and the media. Today the consumer is more interested in how the vendor can solve the fundamental problems at the end of the day and add value to the product or service. The role of businessmen and the agency is now more important than ever to achieve success in this new global competitive market. As a result, sales managers and a new challenge to respond to this new environment, with innovative technologies to manage and motivate the sales force. The following sections specify general conditions for sales management, and study the role of director of sales, and focus on the methods used to mange, lead and motivate staff. Sales Management in And can easily manage sales, as specified in the planning, implementation and monitoring communication programs aimed at achieving personal sales goals and profits. Overall, sales managers are responsible for direct sales program for the company. In the implementation of this goal, and the appointment of director of sales territories, set goals and to develop training programs. In addition to identifying individual goals, and sales managers to monitor vendor performance, and continuously provide guidance and leadership on how to improve their performance. It will be the organizational structure to manage the sales depends on the size of the business and strategy. In the area of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹sales management, and the structure consists of a unit manager, area manager, regional manager, general manager and vice president of sales. And often referred to as Unit Operator as a manager in training with the interaction that takes place on the level of customers. The main responsibilities of the operator and the new units include the training of sales representatives, employment, and sales of small accounts and the implementation of neighborhood meetings. And area managers, one step away from the heads of units, from 5 to 10 years of experience in management and public administration 80-10 sales. Area managers usually report to the Regional Director, who is responsible for the management of multiple regions in a given geographical area. Sometimes referred to the Director-General of the vice president of sales and market ing. This was a position traditionally the leader of the sales organization, with the vice president of marketing and sales strategy to lead the companys sales. There are clear differences between the base and high level managers. The main difference is the amount of time spent in each of their functions. Lower level managers spend most of their time on sellers of personal, direct and monitor. Senior managers generally focus on planning, organizing and coordinating the marketing strategy with the overall objectives of the business sector. They also forecast sales, set goals, develop strategies and policies, and budgeting. Management Strategy, Sales and Marketing Facing sales managers with many challenges in designing effective marketing strategy. How should the restructuring of the sales force? How big of a sales force is required? How can the sales force to deliver their message? Strategies vary depending on the number of products offered by the company, and if the company sells a certain type of customers to sell to different customers. When you sell the production line to one sector, with customers in many locations, the use of a regional strategy for the sale. With this strategy, will be appointed the exclusive representative of land sales in the region. These representatives sell full product line consists of multiple products to customers in that region. A good example of this strategy is the sale of food equipment. A representative of a commercial food equipment in general, and encourage companies range of products for sale, restaurants, schools, canteens and in specific territories. And is often used when the product sales strategy to sell the company along product lines. Using this strategy, bed sales representatives will require them to focus on selling one product or a small group of selected products. And use this strategy when product managers are numerous and complex. Used widely in the sales of this strategy, which focused on medical sales representative to sell products, medical care and specific health that are part of a specialized field of medicine. Finally, sales managers can use the strategy of the sales force customer-oriented vendors that specialize in matching clients to target specific products or services. This strategy enables the company to focus more on building strong relationships and long-term relationships with key customers. Motivate the sales force Subject of special attention in the field of sales management is motivation. Motivation is probably the most important aspect of sales management. If it is sorted correctly the sales force, and the selection of trainers, and the product is right, then it becomes the decisive motivation for success. There are many reasons to motivate the sales force is an important part of the sales process. First, we must deal with the vendor acceptance and rejection on a continuous basis. It is to be exalted as a result of the sale of a large disappointment that comes from being rejected. In many cases, sellers will spend long hours on the road, away from their families, which may affect public morale. This, in addition to the fact that vendors usually operate without the supervision of management, indicates that these people require a high level of personal reasons, in order to produce consistently good results. Finally, motivation has a direct impact on the level of enthusiasm and a street vendor in providing the product or service for the client. If the seller is passionate and enthusiastic about the product or service, it can directly affect the decision of the customer to purchase and develop strong relationships for future purchases. However, it is important to note that sales managers are responsible for establishing and maintaining an effective level of motivation in employees. In addition to providing strong leadership, director of marketing and sales to stimulate the force to achieve predetermined sales targets. Managers can use a variety of tools to stimulate a successful sales force. Strongest motivation is the compensation package is well designed. Sales managers can stimulate the effective design of vendor compensation formula, which is a good balance of bonuses, salaries and commissions. Sales managers set goals in the form of quotas, wage levels, and efficient catalyst for the shares. There are a number of formulas for sellers of compensation, and depends on the formula up to the expectations of the companys overall performance for each salesperson. Uses, respectively, to the Committee by the sales managers to reward salespeople for their achievements instead of their time and efforts. Compensation Commission directly enhance the independence of the seller. This is a strong motivation in this victory happen only if the sale was made, resulting in cost savings for the company. E program conducive to organizations that want to reduce the costs of compensation, especially for new companies and growing. There are some disadvantages to the Commission, including the lack of the ability of sales managers to monitor sales activities, as well as the high rate of staff turnover. Another program of compensation that are frequently used by non-salary in addition to the bonus. In essence, the formula includes salary plus a bonus of base salary with bonus based on performance pay when they are to achieve sales targets and quotas. It can also assess the salespeople on factors, including the establishment of new accounts, the average profit margin, and after-sales service. Unlike the Commission has the right, and this program helps to reduce the rate of staff turnover. The plan also encourages sellers to build long term relationships with customers. After that the security of a steady income, and sales staff can be patient with their customers, enabling them to take the time to make an informed decision. This is especially important when buying long cycles and when salespeople need time to adapt to the customer purchase cycle. And can be used to sell products or services are complex, in addition to a salary structure for the Commission to compensate the sales force. Under this program, the seller is guaranteed base salary, granted to the Commission based on the factors identified by the organization. Typically, the organization of salary in addition to the Committee on the upper and lower thresholds for sales volume. For example, the seller can earn 4 percent on the first $ 20000 of the volume of sales in each month, and 5 percent for $ 15,000 and 6 percent on sales of more than $ 40,000. Other companies may use different criteria, such as achieving sales quotas on the number of individual products sold in each category of products. Linked to the advantages of this method is the flexibility of the program. Companies are able to adapt the program to meet business objectives as they relate to sales force. Committees can be distributed over a certain period will continue to offer lessons to ensure a high leve l of customer service, and to discourage repeat left the company after the sale of a large. Commission salary plus bonus is a combination of the above programs. This plan combines the stability of the salary, an incentive for the Commission, as well as a special bonus prizes. It is recognized all financial activity from a seller by this program and the preferred vendor because of the potential benefits of the plan. The plan is not as popular as the others because of the complexity of the case management program. Are often used short-term incentive programs by companies to stimulate the vendor behind the standard compensation. Sales incentive contests are the most commonly used to generate enthusiasm for the sale of products and services. Competitions and usually works for a limited time, include cash prizes or travel to those vendors who reach a certain level of sales. The timing of events is crucial. Generally, it should return the competitions during the slower seasons of a particular sector, in order to increase sales and generate additional revenue. Employment for Success Sales force Sales Manager is responsible for appointing the sales staff, and identify new sources of employees, screening of applicants and interviews, contact references, and recommend candidates to the Regional Director. In general, the regional director of sales recruiting and selecting new vendors when needed. In many cases, were found on the candidates through universities, and Internet sites, or candidates who have formally applied to the entity through the efforts of cold calling. Managers should identify some basic qualities to recruit candidates for employment. Features is an important factor when considering a candidate for the post of sales. Empathy, and ego and optimism are the traits of good character into account when examining candidates for the position of sales. All of these qualities is a strong relationship with success in sales. Empathy is the ability to imagine the reactions of another person and I refers to the need for internal convince someone else to his satisfaction. All of these features combined provide a good indication of the seller and is considered strongly when recruiting and interviewing job applicants. It is also important to consider the level of demand of optimism with regard to personal fulfillment. Optimism and enthusiasm are good indicators of the ability of the seller to deal with adversity a feature that is often necessary to overcome the rejection and the slow sales months. Although most companies have chosen their own procedures, the process for selecting candidates from the model are similar to the following: 1. The first interview was president of the sales (the applicant is not acceptable and given a formal request or is not acceptable, and sent a letter of rejection.) 2. Are invited to applicants who apply for a second interview with the director of the region. 3. And candidates can spend a day in the field with the seller and the area manager receives feedback from the seller at the level of enthusiasm of the candidate. 4. Area Manager to check the references of the candidate, and a criminal record. 5. Regional Sales Manager interviews the candidate. 6. Regional Director and Area Manager to discuss the candidate via conference call or personal meeting. (Whether to give the student position) 7. Regional Director of Sales and offers the candidate and the official function. 8. Required physical examination in the event of acceptance of the offer submitted by the candidate. Quality management Total And customer satisfaction The main responsibility of the Sales Manager in the management of customer relationships. The emergence of a global market for goods and services and stimulate new thinking in the management of products related to the customer. Is defined as Total Quality Management (TQM) and process management and a range of disciplines that are coordinated to ensure that the organization consistently meets customer expectations. Originally identified as a theory of manufacturing, total quality management and is now being applied to sales in particular. In the context of Sales and Marketing, Total Quality Management determines the quality of sales and service effort in terms of customer satisfaction. The goal of Total Quality Management for the sale of services and quality of value-driven (and not on price), to create customer loyalty, and profits in the long term. Systems sales and service that connects individuals, departments, suppliers, customers and focus on quality overall. Each section within the institution to have direct responsibility for the client in a certain capacity. Marketing of new products designed with the customer in mind. Manufacturing focuses on achieving the highest level of product quality. Under total quality management, and set ambitious targets but reasonable to improve sales and service quality. Innovation and continuous improvement of sales and service core of the idea of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹total quality management. The client of every aspect of total quality management. By focusing on customer expectations and to investigate them using formal methods, you can search for Total Quality Management misconceptions previous and new opportunities. Some basic ideas underlying the Total Quality Management and continuous improvement to make the products and services, and the elimination of defects, doing things right the first time, and understand that the employees closest to the process know-how to improve this process. Depending on the sales and service, and total quality management focuses on the exchange between the buyer and the seller. The intangible aspects such as response to the needs of different customers, and sympathy with the concerns of the client, and providing reliable service, and ensure the capacity of service at the customer relationship management. This process is a bit more difficult than the actual management of the quality of the product because of customer requests to be involved in this process. And ask them to provide information on the companys products and services to enable the process of continuous improvement. Customer satisfaction is essential to the philosophy of total quality management. In the management of sales, and total quality management suggest that organizations must have the majority of workers in jobs customer support, with the positions of a smaller number of staff. This will help to eliminate the costs associated with handling and reduces the levels of decision-making. Lower levels of management also allows the organization to be flexible enough to change quickly to support new opportunities for sales. Continuous improvement of all products and improve the sales process allows companies to move forward in a manner consistent with the products and services to remain competitive in the new global market. Career Paths There are no jobs sales management in all sectors of consumer and business, in positions ranging from the area manager to vice president of marketing and sales, and senior management of the companys sales. May be competition to be intense sales management. Sales managers usually arise as a trader, and work their way to the top with strong leadership and organizational skills. The development of sales staff in managerial positions gradually, with the representatives of the movement in the top positions to take more responsibility for their larger, national accounts. Its probably a sales representative will spend part of their professional career as a district or regional manager before moving to the role of senior management in sales. The development of sales staff in managerial positions vary depending on the size and structure of the organization Vision Marketing Trainee Retail Management Salaries The average salary for retail sales and management functions, and the vision of marketing trainee is $ 29,000. Could be that the average salaries of trainee retail management and marketing vision vary greatly because of, the site of the company, experience, industry and utilities. This salary was calculated using the average salary for all jobs with the term view of marketing management trainee retail sales in any part of the work site Sales Marketing Management Trainee salary information to see retail This free salary calculator uses salary data from millions of job listings indexed by Simply hired for the work of the search engine. Retail sales management and marketing vision trainee salary comparisons feature allows job seekers to get the information required to make important decisions and negotiate salary ranges Career. SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis. Have been recreated with this plan by the Liquidity Management Centre A SWOT analysis of the blood of chronic SWOT analysis is a management tool used to identify and evaluate the considerations of the project or business initiative. Key considerations are the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats and are usually displayed in the organization and management tool, such as the letters S, W, X, Ot. Strengths include the characteristics of the current organization that are useful for achieving the overall objective. Weaknesses in the other hand, are the qualities of the existing organization that are harmful to achieving the objective. The opportunity to represent all the external conditions that may be perceived as useful to achieve the goal, while the threat is still external conditions that could interfere with the achievement of the target business. Are arranged in the four elements of this management tool in the network so that components can be grouped in two ways: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Internal and external factors (living or originating within or outside the company) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Profit / harassment (which have a direct impact on achieving the objectives of the work). Key issues in the analysis of SWOT analysis is used to develop a strategy and guide the decision-making process and access to, or possible to measure the important business goal might be. Analysis consists of the core issues of the objectives of the company, based on four elements: 1. How can we maximize all the power? 2. How can we stop or limit any weakness? 3. How can we take advantage of every opportunity? 4. How you can stop, reduce and defend against any threat? A key factor in when these questions are against the objectives of the work is what can be a force for the purpose of, and may be considered weak against another. In this case, the question requires input from the departments or authorities concerned, and discussion to assess the relative importance of factors in play should be. And should include a SWOT analysis is ideal input from key personnel from business reliable by all departments. Thus, it may be a typical team includes an accountant, sales manager, marketing manager, and CEO of operations management and broker. And is characterized by general importance or the success of any SWOT analysis in terms of value to the business strategies it generates. Explore ideas: Lets start with the first idea and ask: If we do, what results / problems can we expect? Write each problem or on the board. If you need more information, and then noted the appointment of person to conduct further investigations, and a deadline. Ask the next To accomplish this, what should we do? I write all the tasks on the table. It helps to divide the table into three sections: Problems of results, and activities. Once you have completed the process for each idea, and then write a plan of action and follow-up session to follow. The goal is to get ideas and perspectives from different angles, and explore each other Brainstorming preparation Select a group of people who should participate, if possible, at least one person from each department and all parties and decision makers, as possible. It should not be limited to a group of senior management, and sometimes the best ideas come from staff. Should be appointed Chairman of the management of this process and maintain control over the session. Appoint a person to take notes and gather information. Determining the duration of the session, and issue invitations. Room must be set so that it includes a relaxed atmosphere, and prefers that the president should be in a circular fashion, or gathered around a table, depending on the size of the group. Encourage people to walk around and relax. Provide a whiteboard, note paper, pens, coffee and anything else that might encourage a relaxed session. Can be in respect of each category can be classified in order of importance Brainstorming session Discuss the reason for the session and clearly define the objective or problem. Make sure that all participants agree with the objective and understand the desired result. Writing objective voice on the board, and this will help to keep everyone on track during the session. Set the rules of the session: there must be no criticism or ridicule of any ideas, and keep on track, avoid lengthy discussions about the pros and cons of the idea, and will be done at a later time during the investigation. Encourage everyone to participate and respect the ideas of others. Session leader should ensure that follow the rules and had no idea and mocked or criticized and described as stupid. Start asking people to provide their thoughts / ideas and write each one on the plane. Will probably find that once the collection of ideas, and the rest will flow. Once I have noticed all the ideas, and then it was time to explore each and every one else. Group all the ideas that are similar to other Ideally, one aims to have 5-10 ideas to investigate Plan of Action for the exchange of ideas The plan should include a summary of each idea work, a list of requirements for further investigation, it is assigned and deadlines. If the idea can be implemented immediately, then, tasks, and who are assigned deadlines. Brainstorming sessions are excellent tools to solve problems and lead to more opportunities. This can be done successfully meeting to brainstorm on an individual basis, but the group session will allow different views of all regions. And effective way to stimulate the vendors with the incentive program, but production is not as simple as defining a set of objectives which, when met, to reward those with the cash. If money is the only element of the incentive program, the sellers simply sell more without additional incentives. So, to begin to understand what each hopes to achieve the seller: This is the best person to be sold for the quarter? Staff record the best sales? Should be a good incentive program be understandable, measurable and achievable. Any program that does not include all three of these critical elements will quickly become confused and therefore counterproductive. As a business owner or manager of the team, you must specify the program to stimulate sales in a clear and put it in writing. Meeting to make sure that every member sales team, which includes in its entirety. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Show the basic salary, in addition to the Committee. If possible, Salesforce and pay your base salary for a decent addition to the commission. Forced to work in the Committee can only create tension, which leads to depletion and turnover is high, while that for a balanced approach will help you maintain the best talent. Can find the right balance between basic salary and the percentage of a committee to be difficult, however. For example, when the vendors on a higher salary base is likely to keep closely how do they spend their time, pack more heavily dependent on the Committee may motivate them to spend more time seeking lead a strong, rather than engaging in activities that do not lend themselves to a high proportion of sales

Tuesday, August 20, 2019

Trends and Concepts of Startups

Trends and Concepts of Startups Definition of startup Similar to SMEs, there are quite a lot of definitions on startup. According to Eric Ries, the creator of Lean Startup Methodology, as well as the author of the popular entrepreneurship blog – Startup Lesson Learned, startup – in its essential nature, is a human institution designed to deliver a new product or service under conditions of extreme uncertainties. The first thing to emphasize in this definition is that startup is a â€Å"human institution†, which means process, authority, or sometimes even idleness. They do not seem to be a part of startup. However, all sorts of stories about successful startups all over the world have institution lie somewhere in them, such as recruiting staff, coordinating their work, and creating the enterprise’s culture. Although some startups may conduct these activities radically, they are still the essential components for a successful startup. For the â€Å"human† part, we often neglect that the value of startup is not the product, technology, or the company’s confidential data. Even when the company only possesses one product, the value still lies in all the people and the organization that creates it. To be more specific, we can take a look at the major acquisitions of startups. In most cases, the important aspects of the original startup disappear, including brand, products or documents. The only thing that lasts is the â€Å"human† part. The novelty of the products or services delivered by the company is such an important yet complicated factor of the concept. Product, in its broadest meaning, encompasses any value for a set of people who voluntarily choose to be the customers. This stays true to any kind of startup, from packed products in a grocery store, an e-commerce website, a non-profit service or programs organized by the government. In all cases, the organization is establish to identify and deliver new value for the customers, as well as take care of the impact it brings to customers. The last important component of this definition is the background of innovation. Startups are made up to confront extreme uncertainties. To open a new business that is the exact clone of the original ones, focusing on the business model, targeted customers, pricing and products in most cases is a fascinating kind of investment. However, it is not a startup because its success depends loads on only good execution. That is why a small enterprise may get loan for capital from the bank with uncertainties and risks for the loan owner to assess its potential. In another research on startup and other relevant concepts, startup is a temporarily designed organization to search for a business model that is repeatable and scalable. Therefore, the supreme objective of a startup is not profit-making, customers-attracting or brand-developing. It is not that these factors are not important and should not be built in this stage, it is just that they are not as important. The objective of this stage is to experience and incessively alter the business model to develop one strong, practical and standardized model for growth and stability later. That is why MBA learners, CEOs or Directors from big corporations still may fail when facing a startup. Another relevant concept to startup is the advantages of it. Some people may think that obvious advantage is to have an extraordinary founder that has extremely creative ideas and technology no one else can copy from. Though having such founder is definitely a privilege for any startup, it is still not the core element. The core element here should be the startup culture. It is the culture that creates passion, elevates innovation potential, work efficiency and help founders stay true to their original targets. One clear example for this is the way Larry Page brings Google a distinctive kind of culture since the very beginning of the brand. The next relevant concept to startup is startup culture, as mentioned above. It is so hard defining exactly what startup culture is, but there are some features deciding the startup culture. That is the passion and determination to create a useful type of product for the society. According to Paul Graham, a well-known essayist, programmer, language designer and the co-founder of Viaweb, a â€Å"useful product† is the one that can make wealth for the creator of it. While to Guy Kawasaki, the chief evangelist of Apple and advisor to the Motorola business unit of Google, it is the product that can change the world. This helps the founders constantly make innovation, develop the products , but it carries a deeper meaning lying within, which is â€Å"helping the founders to keep an eye for technology, keeping technology and creativity above profit-making and creating wealth for themselves†. To choose the most important thing that makes startup culture, it would be the passio n to create truly valuable products. If the founders can spread this spirit to their co-workers, the startup will surely be successful. Innovation is the best field for anyone who wants to start their own business. The innovation market, compared to other markets, is the least unfairly competitive market. To conclude, almost everyone in this world has that startup dream, but no everyone is daring enough to create opportunities and determination for themselves to make that dream come true. Measures for startups Researchers on economics have long been established different indexes and criteria to measure the success of an enterprise. Some are used more frequent than others. In the scope of this thesis, some popular indexes used for assessing the success of a startup. Internal/Economic Rate of Return The internal rate of return (IRR) is the rate of return used in capital budgeting to measure and compare the profitability of an investment. IRR is often used to calculate the potential of a project or investment. The higher the IRR, the more desirability it is. In theory, a firm should undertake all investments that have IRR rate higher than the cost of capital. In a case that the investment is considered by an enterprise that has shareholders, the minimum rate is the cost of capital. This ensures the project to be supported by the equity holders since such project would add more value to the company. Another use of IRR is to compare capital projects. For instance, a startup firm may consider between launching a new type of product or expanding the market of the existing product. They can use IRR to compare the feasibility of these two projects. The one that has IRR higher than the cost of capital proves itself to be effective. However, the company should invest in the project with higher IRR as it appears to add more value to the company than the other. Thirdly, IRR is also useful in evaluating stock buyback programs. Apparently, if a company joins in a stock buyback program, it must proves that its stocks is a better investment than others’, Therefore, they often use IRR as a trustworthy index for this matter. In terms of calculation, IRR is the â€Å"annualized effective compound rate† that makes the net present value of all cash flows in that particular investment equal to zero. This calculation is simple and easy to conduct, so it is widely used by investors and firm runners in the world Despite its strengths, IRR still has drawbacks. The biggest drawback of this index is that it only measures the effectiveness of one single project at a time, but not used to rate mutually exclusive projects. For example, if a project has lower IRR than another, but has higher NPV, it should thus be accepted over the second project, assuming that there is no capital constraint. Also, IRR should not be used to compare projects with different duration. For example, the project with higher NPV but lower IRR could be greater than that of the project with similar size, in terms of net cash flow. Return on equity Return on equity (ROE) is the amount of net income returned as the percentage of shareholders’ equity. ROE reflects the effectiveness on operation of a company by calculating how much money returned by 1 unit of money that the shareholders have invested. The equation for ROE is as below: ROE = net income/shareholders’ equity High ROE yields do not guarantee immediate profits. Since stock price is mostly influenced by earning per share, a company with 20% ROE costs twice as much as the one with 10% per share (in book value) However, the ROE model can contain some underlying problems. If the investors are not cautious enough, it can distort the basic principles of economics and lead to terrible consequences. The company may have to resort to the financial strategy to maintain artificially a good ROE ratio and hide decreasing business performance. Rising investment levels and the acquisition of shares by support from hoarding cash resources can help maintain the companys ROE ratio even when the operating profit is reduced. Competitive pressure is increasing plus artificially low interest rates, as characterized in the recent several decades, has created motivation to mount these strategies and stabilize the psychology of investors. Overload debt investment becomes a burden for the company as the market demand for the companys product categories tend to change, as many companies discovered during the current economic downturn. It actually creates risk to a company in difficult times. Return on Assets Return on Assets (ROA) is an often overlooked but indeed one of the most effective indexes in measuring the success of an investment. It can avoid the distortion created by business strategies. ROA is an indicator of how profitable a company is in relation to its asset. To be more specific, it measures the total profit a company can make when it has one unit of asset. ROA gives an idea of how effective the management is with its assets. The calculation is fairly simple, which is illustrated as below: ROA = net income/total asset Obviously, ROA has calculated the amount of property to be used to support the business activities. This index determines whether the company can generate large enough a rate of return on net assets than simply show that the rate of profit on sales. Those companies that own a large amount of properties need a higher level of net income to support operations than those that own less property. Many companies use external resources for production and logistics operation from many specialized providers in an attempt to depend less on assets. These assets do not disappear they simply shift from a company to the next. However, in nature, even the business type that depends less on assets has limited number of liquid assets and needed fixed assets to continue with business operation. Using ROA as a primary measure of effectiveness has quickly attracted the attention of the managers on the necessary assets to maintain business operations. The senior managers today have more freedom to manage external resources of the assets and business activities related to the more specialized companies. Trends of startups nowadays According to investors, economists and business associates around the world, the startup trend is something that continuously changing and evolving, which leads to the fact that it is almost impossible to predict the trend in the next upcoming years. However, in recent years, people have noticed a clear pattern of startup, which is to shift from â€Å"wall and brick†, also known as physical business to technology – related startups. Some startup giants like Google, HP, Facebook†¦ are all technology – related. This is quite understandable since innovation and technology is something that is original and hard to copy from. Also, in a world that people are already filled in with their basic needs, they need something to elevate the quality of life, something that satisfies the higher level of needs. Below are some examples of increasing startup trends nowadays Virtual reality: This is the dream of all technology and science fiction addict. This innovation almost seems unreal. However, with the help of Moore’s Law and the rapid improvement of processors and accelerometers, it will come true in the near future. Software for enterprises: Scott Weiss – partner of Andreessen Horowitz – a famous venture capital firm – one said: â€Å"2015 is the year that firms need to thrive a lot to fit in the â€Å"hide and seek† game, which means they must be fully aware that the demand for customers to communicate with the enterprises via software or applications is increasing. Therefore, apart from the hardware, the companies now need software with user-friendly design, layout and usage, especially on the mobile version. Machine learning and big data: In recent years, machine learning and big data have become common terms in the technology industry. Differ from the past, when questions like â€Å"How many red shoes have been sold in Kentucky?† were asked and analyzed, nowadays, we need to answer questions like â€Å"How many red shoes will be sold in Kentucky?†. And these questions will be responded with the help of these technology. The machine learning will not work separately, but they have connection via applications. There will be no functions standing alone, and ultimately, we can use it as prediction device. Full-stack startup: Full-stack is a relatively new term to the market. It is how the company knows and implements the whole process. Apple makes a perfect example of this as it makes its own chips, apps and retail stores. For startups, Uber is considered full-stack. Instead of selling software as an add-on, they build the whole service using the modern software. Containers: Containers is not any new, they have been around for ages, but their popularity rises for a few reasons. Since Windows is no longer the data center, containers can run on other data system. Another reason is the â€Å"microservices† app is rising, and these apps are especially suitable for containers because they are discrete pieces that can scale independently. Digital health: Some kinds of medicine as well as health equipment are now manufactured by people with no medical license. The mobile medical data system is like a container for all diagnoses and test results of the patients, just like Apple’s Healthkit. All these histories are not necessarily â€Å"big data†, it can never be tracked or cross-correlated before. When technology like Healthkit receive support, millions of software technicians can build top applications based on data but not affect the privacy of the device’s owners. Online market: The online markets like eBay or Craigslist have achieved great success, However, the trend of related startup would likely be businesses that provides niche services that can be found on Craigslist, like cab sharing or sublets. This is the marketplaces where customers can find more customized services, like Instacart or Glamsquad. Security: In 2014, there are numerous recorded security faults, such as: information leakage of Sony, security breach in Target, hacked personal photo on iCloud that leads to reveal nude photos of many celebrities†¦ That makes people suffer from privacy issue. Therefore, it is no surprise that security and privacy are trends for startups in 2015. If the companies can provide services which identify how and when personal information is breached and lock all â€Å"data† to prevent severe damages, it would be amazing. Bitcoin: Bitcoin – invented by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2008, is an online payment system. The system works based on a peer-to-peer basis, which means that users can transact directly without using an intermediary. Bitcoin works differently from other typical monetary units. There is no central bank that manages and it only depends on other Internet websites. Balaji Srinivasan – a Stanford academic and co-founder of a genetic-testing company called Counsyl, said that bitcoin is relatively new, so it is likely to be adopted and increased significantly in 2015. Also, he pointed out that we could expect new payment apps to develop for bitcoin, and we should consider them infrastructure. Crowdfunding: Crowdfunding is a popular term nowadays, even in Vietnam. It is basically a business investment or model that receives funds from the general public. With smartphones as platform, we can not only access to crowdfunding platforms wherever we want, whenever we want but also access to the crowd itself to get the funds. To sum up, there are myriad of trends involving startups nowadays. Above are only ten typical trends, which means there are many more to count. People will no longer struggle to find out a way to start their own business. For the government, if they can predict trends in the upcoming years, it is likely for them to come up with a suitable set of policies to support startups.

Monday, August 19, 2019

A Comparison of Corrupt Kings in Shakespeares Henry IV and Richard II

A successful monarchy relies upon a stable leader who is concerned with the satisfaction of those he rules over. Henry Bolingbroke the IV in Shakespeare's Henry the IV Part I follows a trend set by his predecessor in Richard II of self-indulgence and neglect of his kingdom. These leaders worry about the possibility of losing their kingdom or their soldiers to other nobles who were also concerned more with obtaining a higher position rather than governing. The king must also be wary of his own life, something that was once revered and guarded closely by other nobles. Wars once fought for gaining or protecting land are overshadowed by personal battles fighting for the position of king. Henry proved himself a powerful and fearless leader when he forcefully overthrew King Richard despite the divine rights bestowed upon him. While this was disruptive to the country, it appeared that this new leader would be successful because of confidence and military strength. However, shortly after he obtained his position, Henry became aware of the forces pulling the king away from his duties. He fails to either ignore or eliminate these distractions and becomes absorbed in them instead; "It seems then that the tidings of this broil/Brake off our business." (Henry, I, i, 47-48). Unfortunately, the king is not the only one neglecting the country. Most of the nobles realize their potential for additional power after the throne has been usurped. This disease, known as neglect, spreads through the ruling class unnoticed by the inflicted. John of Gaunt is one of the few nobles to see what the English peasants have seen; "That England that was wont to conquer others / Hath made a shamef ul conquest of itself." (Richard, II, i, 69-70). John of Gaunt sc... ...bination which proved to be impossible. Works Cited and Consulted Barber, C.L. "Rule and Misrule in Henry IV." William Shakespeare: Histories and Poems. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. 143-167. Bloom, Harold. Richard II, Part One: Bloom's Notes. New York: Chelsea House, 1996. Cruttwell,Patrick. Hernry IV. Shakespeare For Students, Vol. II. Detroit: Gale Publishing, 1999. Kantor, Andrea. Henry IV, Part One. London: Baron's Education Series, Inc, 1984. Princiss, G.M. Richard II Criticism. Shakespeare For Students, Vol.II. Detroit: Gale Publishing, 1999. Shakespeare, William. Richard II The Norton Shakespeare. Ed Stephen Greenblatt, et al. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1997. Shakespeare, William. Henry IV. In The Norten Anthology of English Literature. Eds. M.H. Abrams et all. 5th Ed. New York: Norton, 1987.

munchausen :: essays research papers

The Analysis of Baron Munchausen   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the book Signs of Life, the author Linda Seger writes about heroes, and their typical characteristics, that for the most part have always been the same throughout history. Even the word hero is already put in the male tense, suggesting there that most heroes have been and will be males. For the most part Seger’s points are well taken and are backed up mostly by every heroic story I’ve ever read or seen before in my life. The Adventures Of Baron Munchausen definitely pushes the typical hero envelope, but even still, Seger’s idea of typical hero characteristics shown through in most of this crazy Monty Python type film. Seger explains from the beginning of her article that the hero usually, â€Å"begins as a nonhero; innocent, young, simple or humble† (Signs of Life; 318). This observation one finds to be false when it comes to the Baron. She goes on to write in her second point that something happens to heroes â€Å"that sets the story in motion† (Signs of Life; 319). Well how can this point be proven wrong if something didn’t get the hero started he would then cease to be hero wouldn’t they. In her third point Seger reports that the hero doesn’t really want to leave where they are, even when they’ve already been asked once. She states that the hero usually, â€Å"receives a double call to adventure† (Signs of Life; 319). Asking the hero once for the sake of 2 others isn’t enough, it’s only when it becomes personal the hero takes action. In most journeys the hero â€Å"usually receives help† (Signs of Life; 319) and typically gets it mostly from â€Å"unusual sources† (Signs of Life; 319). You’ll find that most everything the entire movie of Baron Munchausen is unusual and that the hero himself is just as unusual as the person or moon he is talking to. The final point that I have chosen to analyze from Seger’s writing in Signs of Life, comes from her fifth point. She explains that once the hero is ready to begin the hero â€Å"moves into a special world where he or she will change from the ordinary to the extraordinary† (Signs of Life; 319). This is usually the first plot point that sets the story in motion or in our case the Baron on his way.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The idea from Seger that the hero â€Å"usually begins as a nonhero† (Signs of Life; 318) doesn’t hold true to this story at all.

Sunday, August 18, 2019

People :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The America Book Association.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Co-op Terms for Author Events  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Per Publisher  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Publisher  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Specified Amount  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Detail  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Simon and Schuster  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $200.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On title purchased specifically for and in-store author  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  appearance arranged by Pocket Books, publisher  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  will make available as an additional co-op advertising   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  allowance and amount equal to 20% (but not exceed $200)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  of net billing for supporting order (either directly from Pocket Books   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  and/or indirectly through a wholesaler) placed by store  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  at which the author will appear.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Penguin Putman Inc.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $150.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The publisher will contribute additional co-op funds   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  not to exceed $150, to support preapproved promotion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  for author appearances. If the cost of the author appearances  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  exceeds the amount given by the publisher, retailers may   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  choose to use their regular co-op funds to pay for additional cost.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hyperion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $500.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Publisher will pay up to $500 to reimburse documented   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  expense in support of author's appearance in retailer's   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  store ( over and above retailer's annual co-op allowance.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Any amount over $500 that will account wishes to claim,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  if documented will come out of the annual co-op pool.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Little Brown and Company  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $300.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first $300 in approved cost will be  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  considered direct advertising and will not be deducted   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  from and accounts co-op pool. The remaining amount  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  will be drawn from the account's pool.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Warner Books  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $300.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first $300 in approved costs will be considered  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  advertising and will not be deducted from account's co-op  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  pool. The remaining amount will be drawn from the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  account's co-op. Retailers may earn additional promotional   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  will be announced during the year by letter from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Warner Books Marketing Director.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   HarperCollins Publishers  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $200.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Up to $200 May be earned for each author appearance   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  scheduled by Publisher's publicity dept. This money   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  is to be used for actual expenses incurred in hosting and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  promoting appearing author.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Houghton Mifflin Company  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $200.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In addition to their annual co-op pool, retail accounts in   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  good credit standing are eligible with prior approval   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  for and additional co-operative advertising allowance   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (outside of their calculated pool) to promote   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  approved author appearances. This allowance  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  will be an amount equal to 20% ( but not to   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  exceed $200) of the net billing for one supporting order.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Scholastic Inc.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  20%  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For titles purchased specifically for in-store author/illustrator  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  appearance connected with a designated author tour,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  additional allowance of 20% total (front and backlist)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Saturday, August 17, 2019

Personal Statement Prompt #2 Essay

PERSONAL STATEMENT Prompt #2: Tell us about a personal quality, talent, accomplishment, contribution or experience that is important to you. What about this quality or accomplishment makes you proud, and how does it relate to the person you are? I’ve never been so interested in my spiritual life, my religion, and my service to others as I have been these past three years. One of the proudest moments of my life is when I was accepted into my school’s LIFE team, which stands for Living in Faith Experience. The trips, retreats, and activities that I have shared with my peers have formed me into a completely new person and have allowed me to experience things that I wouldn’t have been able to experience on my own. Being able to be a part of the LIFE team is an accomplishment that has given me many opportunities, and has showed me ways that I can go out into the world and grab hold of the millions of other opportunities that awaits me. This particular team isn’t like the sports a nd organizations that my school offers. You first have to be nominated by three teachers or administrators, which allows you to receive an application. The end of my freshman year, I received an application, and I was confused. I wasn’t too sure of what exactly the team was, except for the fact they were religious and helped the campus minister out. The application did not only involve basic information, it also required short answers for approximately 15 questions. I ignored the fact that it was so time consuming because I enjoyed having to think about the answers, which were new to me. Later in the week, I was called into our Campus Minister’s office and was interviewed. The questions allowed me, for once, to just be me and talk about what I’ve been through and what I want for my future. Just being myself paid off, in a way that changed my whole high school career and life. The person that LIFE team has helped make me is much more open, compassionate, and helpful. From small groups on the retreats, large group discussions in class, and getting guidance through liturgies, I have opened up to where I can more easily express myself. I learned the importance of trusting people and being trusted. From being a servant leader, I have deepened my qualities of compassion and being helpful. LIFE team is focused on being good leaders for others, while being a servant to them and to Christ. I’m able to learn something and actually feel anxious to go and teach others the same. I couldn’t be more proud of the way  that I’ve progressed in my spiritual knowledge, deepened in my faith, and have become much more willing to open up and try new things. Being a part of the LIFE team for these past 3 years is an accomplishment for myself, a contribution to our school and society, and has helped me to better portray the qualities that I want and need to expose in order to be the best person that I can be.

Friday, August 16, 2019

Meaningful Use Essay

In 2009 the HITECH Act was enacted with the purpose to improve health for Americans; however satisfying the requirements of the Act potentially reduces the quality of the care given to the patient due to the increased burdens placed on providers. Providers must purchase Electronic Health Record (EHR) Technology and comply with Meaningful Use (1). Initially providers are compensated for participating in Meaningful Use, however, the ultimate end result is providers are penalized if the 15 Core Measures for which they attest to are not met. Although the stimulus money can provide a gain in the beginning, what happens when the stimulus money is gone? Will the technology be able to support itself? There are costs for maintenance and upgrades of software for technology. For a large institution, such as Washington University, this could cost millions of dollars. Technology costs and reporting of Meaningful Use may outweigh the professed value (1). Health Information Technology (HIT) is used today for a variety of reasons. It is used by an individual to seek relevant information about themselves, family members, and friends. Additionally, it may be used to access health services, schedule appointments, and refill medications. One may also use HIT to communicate with their provider via a patient portal (PP), seek out information on a chronic condition, or utilize a patient health record (2). Stage 1 of The Meaningful Use rule, or Meaningless Use rule as many named it, is the only stage that is currently enacted and contains three objectives. Only one objective is patient-facing. This objective requires the patient to be supplied with an electronic copy of their health information, which may include diagnostic test results, problem list, medication list, and allergies (2). The issue with this objective is that if there is a collaborative hospital/provider practice such as Barnes Hospital and Washington University they each have patient portals. If a patient has a radiology test performed and the results are not readily available at the end of the office visit the information may be in the hospital system. Using the hospital’s portal, the patient can access information that has yet to be reviewed by the provider allowing for confusion and anxiety on the part of the patient. Another objective is â€Å"use of EHR technology to identify patient-specific education resources and provide those to the patient as appropriate. † (2) Elements from the first objective can be used for this measure and can target a patient’s specific problems. This has found to be very challenging in Orthopedic Surgery as this is a specialized practice and this measure is focused on educating patients on disease prevention, such as heart disease and diabetes control. The last objective for Stage 1 is sending reminders to patients for preventive and follow-up care and providing patients with timely electronic access to their health information. Once again, this has been a challenge to the specialty practices as they are limited on what preventive reminders they can offer. The providers feel as though they are providing reminders to patients solely to fulfill government requirements. One would ask if the government is dictating how providers treat patients. As a professional working in this medical field, I would attest to this being the case. Another issue faced with technology and the EHR is that they provide access to patient data; however, providers’ face difficulties with using them to support delivery and coordination of care. (3) The HITECH Act envisions that providers will exchange patient data through a common platform and protocols. Some states are currently implementing platforms to exchange such data, but are still in the early phases. (3) A big concern with this is that Health Information Technology alone cannot convert our healthcare system and there needs to be some form of financial incentive for coordinating care for patients. Secure messaging via a patient portal is another means of communicating with HIT between a patient and provider. Providers, however, are apprehensive of this means of communication as they feel it will overwhelm them. It is time consuming and adds yet another task consuming their time without compensation (2). Does this hold the provider liable if the patient does not relay the correct information or if there was insufficient information relayed to the provider and treatment of the patient was not appropriate or delayed? In all of the research I read I could not find anything that addresses this issue. One would think this would be a major concern with all providers. Washington University is in the pilot stages of implementing the patient portal and the providers for Orthopedic Surgery have raised concerns of liability issues. Projects are underway for health care plans to compensate providers for secure messaging in hopes to minimize their hesitancy to participate in this form of communications. However, if they do participate will this cause premiums to increase for individuals in those health care plans? If premiums are increased to pay providers, are we truly benefiting the health of the patient? The answer is no. (2) Providers are currently reimbursed on a fee-for-service scale. In our Orthopedic Surgery practice some providers see on an average of 45-50 patients a day. This can potentially make it difficult for the provider to take the appropriate time to listen to each patient’s concerns with the added burdens placed on the providers with current and future Meaningful Use requirements. Adding an EHR to each clinical encounter could potentially further distance the provider from the patient. (3). In class, a comment was made by Dr. DeSchryver concerning a visit with her healthcare provider in which the provider was documenting in the EHR during the visit. This caused her to feel like she was not receiving the attention that she deserved. With the added documentation requirements placed on providers and the limited timeframe allowed to document this will become the norm in provider practices. Providers have 72 hours from the time of the office visit to document Meaningful Use measures. Although HIT can provide tools to help with decision making in regards to diagnosis, management of disease, treatment, and prevention, the current EHR’s do not have a link to support systems to help manage chronic care. Primary care practices must now shift their focus on healthy patients, as well as acute and chronically ill patients. With HIT a provider can effectively report the quality measures, however the current EHR’s cannot identify which patients may need particular services (3). It appears that we do not have the technology required or currently a sufficient number of trained users for a successful implementation of the HITECH Act. We are potentially setting providers up for failure either on a patient satisfaction level or reimbursement level. There needs to be further investigation on clinical care processes, the execution and use of HIT, and restructuring of reimbursement to the providers. The current EHRs need to be able support both coordination of care and outcomes. EHR Vendors need to ensure they can provide accurate data for reporting. Another measure of Meaningful Use is E-Prescribe. The requirements are electronic transmission of prescriptions and maintenance of medication list. If this is done correctly and the EHR system is set up correctly it can improve patient safety, alert prescriber’s of drug-to-drug interactions, provide information on patient non-compliance to medications, and drug formulary information for insurance benefits. (4) A study was conducted with 10 physician practices that installed stand-alone e-prescribe systems to replace previously hand writing prescriptions. This study concluded that e-prescribing will require the provider entering accurate medication history and prescriptions to ensure that their formulary and benefits can be verified. This will also require health plans to ensure that they have a full set of formulary information. Currently pharmacies access this information and it will most likely remain as such. Providers in this study also relied on patients to provide medication history information as the medication history in the e-prescribe system was inaccurate. (4) In a large institution such as Washington University, a patient may see multiple providers from different specialty groups. One challenge we face with medication history is a provider from one department cannot discharge a medication that a provider from another department prescribed, even if the patient stated that they are no longer taking it. We are required to tell the patient to notify that provider, a lot of times the patient will tell us that they no longer see that provider and want us to discharge the medication, which our University policy does not allow. The medication will not be removed from the medication history list and the patient’s record therefore becomes inaccurate. The HITECH Act was enacted to allow patients access to their PHI, communicate with their healthcare provider, maintain their health record, schedule patient appointments, and request prescription refills via a patient portal; however, there are many obstacles that providers and patients face through Stage 1 of Meaningful Use. Technology is one obstacle that is faced with both the patient and provider. There needs to be a sufficient amount of support and resources in the community for patients who do not have the literacy needed to understand how to use patient portals. The government needs to also ensure that providers are trained and have an ample understanding of what is required of them for Meaningful Use. The government also needs to make certain that EHR Vendors are reporting accurate Meaningful Use measures. E-Prescribe and hospital/provider collaboration issues are two other obstacles that need to be addressed as well. There needs to be a network for all of the systems to be able to â€Å"talk to each other† so that patient care is not delayed or potentially at risk. There also needs to be added compensation for coordination of care for providers as this may take away some of the hesitancy that the providers have for the added burden placed on them; however, this should only be done if this does not affect a patient’s healthcare premium. It is in my opinion that the Government was pressured to pass the Healthcare Reform Policy and as a consequence the American people and healthcare providers will suffer as a result either through health or monetary measures